Makondukita a zingwe ndi mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu.Aluminiyamu aloyi ndi mkuwa atavala zotayidwa zotayidwa zotayidwa, choyambirira waya ndi chingwe kondakitala mkuwa, chifukwa madutsidwe magetsi ndi katundu makina ndi abwino, 20 ℃ DC resistivity ndi 1.72 × 10ˉ 6Ω ˙cm.
China kuyambira m'ma 1950, chifukwa cha nkhondo yaku Korea, chifukwa mkuwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso choletsedwa ndi mayiko a capitalist.Anthu aku China amakumbukirabe chidwi chokonda dziko lawo poyankha pempho lopereka katundu wawo wamkuwa kudzikolo.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, "aluminium m'malo mwa mkuwa" m'mbali zonse za moyo, ndi waya wa aluminiyamu ndi chingwe monga ndondomeko yaukadaulo yoti agwiritse ntchito.M'malo ena omwe chitetezo ndi kudalirika sizovuta kwambiri, mawaya apakatikati a aluminiyamu ndi zingwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale m'nyumba zatsopano zogonamo - malo omwe ayenera kuda nkhawa ndi chitetezo amatha kukhazikika.Chifukwa aluminium ndi yotsika kuposa mkuwa pazinthu zonse zamagetsi ndi zamakina.The DC resistivity pa 20 ℃ ndi 2.82 × 10ˉ 6Ω ˙cm, yomwe ili pafupi 1.64 nthawi ya mkuwa.Kuphulika kwake kumapangitsa kuti mgwirizanowo ukhale wosavuta kusweka, ndipo chifukwa cha khalidwe lokwawa, kudalirika kwa mgwirizano kumachepetsedwa.Zomwe zimatchedwa kukwawa ndi kusinthika kwa thermoplastic komwe kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi yotentha kwambiri (monga 70 ° C) ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu (monga kupsinjika kwa bawuti).Ndicho chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepetsa kudalirika komanso kuwonongeka kwa waya ndi zingwe zolumikizira.Pambuyo pofufuza kwa nthawi yayitali, njira zina zotsutsana nazo zapezeka, monga kulimbikitsa kuyendera ndi kulimbikitsa nthawi zonse ma bolts omangirira.
Zoonadi, zinthu nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mbali ziwiri, chifukwa waya wa aluminiyamu woyendetsa waya ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi wochepa, wolemera kwambiri, umachepetsa kwambiri ntchito yomangamanga ndipo amalandiridwa.
Kukonzanso ndi kutsegulira nthawi, chitukuko chofulumira chachuma, zofunikira zaubwino wa anthu kuti ziwongolere, kuchotsa zopinga zina, zotulukapo kuchokera kumtunda kupita ku zina, kugombe lakumwera chakum'mawa kutsogolera pakusiya "aluminium m'malo mwa mkuwa”, waya ndi chingwe pafupifupi zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito makondakitala amkuwa, kuya ndi m'lifupi kuposa kale.Kuzama - chiŵerengero cha oyendetsa mkuwa ndi aluminiyumu amaposa mayiko otukuka, ndipo m'lifupi - pang'onopang'ono amakula kuchokera ku gombe lakum'mwera chakum'mawa mpaka mkati.
Chitukuko cha zinthu chapita mosiyana, popeza mtengo wamkuwa wakwera kwambiri, kotero kuti mtengo wawaya ndi chingwe wakwera kawiri, anthu ayenera kuganiziranso.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphepo yamkuntho iwiri, imodzi ndiyo kutuluka kwa chingwe cha aluminium copper-clad, ndipo china ndikuyambitsa teknoloji ya aluminium alloy conductor cable kuchokera ku North America.Chingwe cha aluminiyamu chinayamba kukhala ku China.
Zingwe za aluminiyamu zovala zamkuwa zimatengera zingwe zamkuwa.Koma kwenikweni ndizoyenera pazigawo zing'onozing'ono za mtanda komanso zipangizo zothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa cha khungu lapamwamba kwambiri, waya wa aluminiyamu wamkuwa amatha kusewera ubwino wake.Miyezo yapakhomo ndi yakunja imangokhala pazida zamagetsi.Mkuwa atavala zotayidwa waya sangathe ntchito kupanga zingwe mphamvu, pa dzanja limodzi, ndi ntchito kwa chingwe chimodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zingapo za tanthauzo lotaika, Komano, luso olowa sangathe kuthetsedwa, choncho posakhalitsa chimphepocho chinayamba kuchepa mphamvu.
Aluminium alloy conductors ndi aluminiyumu yamagetsi yokhala ndi silicon, mkuwa, zinki, chitsulo, boron ndi zinthu zina.Katundu wamakina asinthidwa kwambiri, monga kusinthasintha 靱 kukhathamiritsa, kukana kukwawa kwasinthidwa kwambiri.Kumene njira yopangira annealing ndi yabwino, mphamvu zake zamagetsi zimatha kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi aluminiyumu yamagetsi."Conductor wa chingwe" National muyezo GB/T3956-2008 amatenga kukana kwa aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa aloyi kondakitala pa mtengo womwewo.
Chimodzi mwamakina ofunikira a chingwe cha aluminium alloy ndi cholumikizira.Zinthu ndi ndondomeko ya mgwirizano ndi zinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe, ndipo mabizinesi opanga chingwe omwe amayambitsa teknoloji amapereka chithandizo chaumisiri kuwonjezera pa kugulitsa zingwe.Ngati cholumikiziracho chiyenera kukhala chodalirika, wogulitsa ayenera kusankha katswiri wotsogolera ntchito yomanga.Choncho, mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chingwe cha aluminiyamu.Chifukwa cha malire a phindu lalikulu, opanga kuyambira pachiyambi cha ziwiri, mwadzidzidzi adakwera kupitirira 100, kamvuluvulu kakang'ono kakuwonjezeka.Chifukwa mabizinesi apano amapangidwa molingana ndi miyezo yawo yamabizinesi, zikuwoneka ngati zofanana, koma mtunduwo ndi wosiyana kwambiri.
Kodi kutayika kwakukulu kwa zingwe zamkuwa ndi aluminium ndi chiyani?Maganizo amasiyana.Apa, deta imalankhula yokha.
Njira yowerengera ya kutayika kwa chingwe ndi:
△P=Ι2˙Rθj˙L˙NC˙NP×10ˉ³ (1)
△Q=△P˙ζ (2)
Kumene: △P - Kutaya mphamvu, kW
△Q - Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kWh
Rθj - Kukaniza kwa AC pautali wagawo la wokonda kuwerengera khungu ndi kuyandikira kwa kutentha θ, Ω/km
Ι - Werengetsani panopa, A
NC, NP - Chiwerengero cha ma conductor pa kuzungulira ndi kuchuluka kwa mabwalo
ζ - Maola otsika kwambiri, h/chaka
L - kutalika kwa mzere, km
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-28-2024